A severe allergic reaction, or anaphylaxis, is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate intervention. It can be triggered by medications, latex, or anesthetics used in the office. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, facial swelling, generalized urticaria, and a drop in blood pressure.
If anaphylaxis is suspected, the first step is to stop the procedure and quickly assess airway patency. Immediate administration of intramuscular epinephrine is the treatment of choice and should not be delayed.
Placing the patient in a supine position with the lower extremities elevated helps maintain systemic perfusion while vital signs are continuously monitored.
Following the initial administration of adrenaline, the emergency medical services system should be activated without delay. Supplemental oxygen support and preparation for advanced life support are part of the protocol.
Antihistamines and corticosteroids may be administered as adjunctive therapy, although they never replace adrenaline in the acute phase.
Prevention begins with a detailed medical history that identifies any pre-existing allergies. Training the team and ensuring that the emergency kit is stocked with up-to-date medications guarantees a rapid and coordinated response, reducing risks and improving the patient’s prognosis.
